Developers of new digital apps designed to track happiness hope to prove the haters wrong, but is the argument convincing?
What is the cost of happiness? It's free, the saying goes. How much is it worth? That's an entirely different question. To the startups behind a series of new phone and tablet apps designed to make you smile, happiness is big business.
Nataly Kogan, founder and chief happiness officer of Happier Inc, which launched a phone app in February encouraging users to reflect upon and share pleasant everyday moments, believes her business ? which has already generated more than 1m happy shares ? could one day be worth $1bn.
Happier's mission however, is about more than making money. Built around the theory that writing down a nice thought is good for you and that positivity is contagious, the app is about helping consumers take stock of what's good in their life now and to treasure it, says Kogan. In the process, she is hoping to prove the technology haters wrong and remedy the negativity on social networks.
"On Facebook, we're all bragging," she says. We present the best versions of ourselves and then our friends compare the real versions of their lives to our best versions, and that is depressing."
Happier is not alone however. An array of other apps ? such as Mappiness, Happy App and Live Happy ? have come onto the market in the last couple of years, variously promising to track, share or enact moments of joy.
InFlow, built by Moscow-based developer Bayram Annakov, allows users to use their phone to track their changing emotions, using alerts to trigger self-reflection and providing intuitive activity tips in response.
Rather than distance users from the real world, InFlow encourages them to go out and meet other people. "Our tips are about going offline, not online," he says. "The tip may say, 'Hey, you had a really good time with Will a few weeks ago. Why don't you give him a call?'."
Annakov insists the concept is not just for unhappy people. But that the app is useful for those with mood disorders, for whom the daily recording of changes in mental state is something of a chore.
"Paper doesn't have brains. It won't understand that four times in a row you have had a really bad mood and it can't ask you questions," he says. "Technology cannot replace [psychology and medicine] but it really helps."
The rise of this new tech sector seeking to muster merriment should be seen in the context of the growth of positive psychology, indices such as gross national happiness, and the quantified self movement, which has sparked a major new industry in self-monitoring health and fitness apps.
John Havens, author and founder of crowdsourcing site H(app)athon, which uses mobile data to provide recommendations for volunteerism in the local community, suggests digital tools designed to measure contentment redress an imbalance in society where economic data is too often prioritised over social data.
Another attack line is that happiness apps merely provide instant satisfaction. Not so, says Havens, who explains the self-reflection that follows, allows users to take long-term decisions to weed out negative influences on their lives.
"There is real joy in discovery and introspection and reflection, which is something that we lack in modern society where we are so obsessed with productivity," he says. "If you allow yourself on a personal level, that self-reflection, as aided by these technologies, the hope is that you will discover areas of your life you have not been giving credit to."
Not everyone is yet convinced of the efficacy of happiness apps, however, not even among those that develop them. Dr Jason Rentfrow of Cambridge University's psychology department ? which launched the tracker EmotionSense earlier this year ? says the jury is still out on their effectiveness.
Evaluating impact would require a serious study, looking at objective wellbeing markers such as physical health, visits to a doctor or reports from employers, Rentfrow adds. "If we saw people using a happiness app were higher in all of these measures, then that could provide some compelling evidence."
Mark Williamson, director of the charity Action for Happiness, notes that there can be value in digital tools that promote positive action and mindfulness. But, he says, it is important to distinguish the well thought-out apps which generate authentic relationships from imitators that may merely generate bogus self-help advice.
"There is a danger of believing that an app can solve all of life's problems," adds Williamson. "Making day-to-day decisions based on technology rather than years of experience, intuition and expertise is slightly laughable."
"So these apps are best thought of as reminders and prompts and behavioural nudges that can help us make slightly better decisions or remind us of the things we already knew were important, rather than something that will radically change our life overnight at the touch of a button."
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